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N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC)

Signs and Symptoms for Nutrient Applications

- Liver toxicity - Acetaminophen poisoning - Chemotherapy - Detoxification - Respiratory problems - Heart disease - Gallstones - Excess mucus production

Clinical Applications/Research

N-Acetyl-Cysteine (NAC)

N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) is a stable derivative of the amino acid cysteine, which has antioxidant properties and makes up part of the tripeptide glutathione. Glutathione, along with NAC, are powerful antioxidants. The cysteine is rapidly converted to glutathione, which hooks onto the toxic compound formed by acetaminophen degradation, makes it water-soluble, and facilitates excretion. By the same mechanism, NAC removes carcinogenic agents by binding to them and allowing the body to remove them. N-acetyl-cysteine has been employed clinically in several conditions, including cardiovascular disorders, respiratory disorders (Clin Pharmacokin 1978;3:247-54), bronchitis (Br J Dis Chest 1987;81:341), and gallstone dissolution (Gastroenterology. 1990;98:454-63). NAC has a beneficial effect on the immune system, and improves the ability of antigen-scavenging lung macrophages. The Swedish Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences suggested that the loss of this function in HIV-infected individuals may result from depleted stores of cysteine/glutathione. Supplementation of NAC to HIV patients normalizes plasma cysteine levels (Toxicology Letters. 1992;54 Suppl. W4-L5). Researchers at the National Academy of Scientists claim that N-acetyl-cysteine has a, “long history of therapeutic application”, and claim to, “have discovered that N-acetyl-cysteine protects cells against death induced by exposure to noxious stimuli and against programmed cell death associated with exposure to inadequate amounts of trophic (involving nutritive processes) factors” (Proc Nat Acad Sci 1994;91(16):7496-500). N-acetyl-cysteine is noted by Life Sciences as a “reference compound” for, “inhibition of liver injury and lipid peroxidation” (Life Sci 1994;55(8):PL145-50). NAC has been used in hospitals in high doses to protect the body from acetaminophen (i.e. Tylenol) poisoning. NAC is also helpful in breaking down mucus – double blind research has found NAC to be helpful for improving bronchitis symptoms.

Suggested Dosage

250-1500 mg per day or as directed by your healthcare professional.

Contraindications/Toxicology

One study reported nausea at high doses. NAC may increase urinary zinc excretion, therefore supplemental zinc and/or copper may be necessary while taking NAC.

Disclaimer: The statements above have not been evaluated by the FDA. The nutritional suggestions and research provided are for informational purposes only and are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent disease and should not be used as a substitute for sound medical advice. Please see your health care professional in all matters pertaining to your physical health.

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